Moreover, this management strategy did not result in a significant reduction in seroprevalence. Focused culling of seropositive or ill ibexes and mass culling have been implemented since 2013, which reduced the population by half, raising the question of the social acceptability of conducting mass culling in a protected species. melitensis, but the high prevalence observed in the Bargy area (38%) suggested the presence of an unexpected wildlife reservoir. Until recently, Alpine ibexes had been considered to be epidemiological dead-ends for B. The restriction of brucellosis to the Bargy area indicates a localized outbreak in wildlife. melitensis biovar 3 infection has been identified since 2012 in Alpine ibexes ( Capra ibex) in the Bargy Mountains (Haute Savoie, France), after a local outbreak on a dairy cattle farm and two human cases declared in 2011. In France, no brucellosis cases have been reported in domestic ruminants since 2003. Until recently, terrestrial wildlife had not been considered as a significant reservoir. īrucellosis eradication in small ruminants has been achieved in most of European Union (EU) countries through the implementation of long-term management programs combining vaccination with serological testing and culling. These results provide initial information on the potential use in natura of a commercial vaccine.īrucella melitensis is a Gram-negative facultative intracellular bacterium responsible for brucellosis in small ruminants, a widespread zoonosis in many sheep- and goat-raising countries worldwide. To conclude, multiplicative and shedding capacity of Rev.1 was much higher in ibex compared to goats within 90 days. In this experiment, differences between species remained the main source of variation, with low impact of other individual factors. The bacterial load was higher 45 days in ibexes compared to goats, whereas it remained moderate to low 90 days pv in both species with large variability between animals. Two male ibex presented urogenital excretion at 20 or 45 days pv. Proportion of infected samples was significantly higher in ibex compared to goats and decreased between 45 and 90 days pv. Brucella distribution and antibody profiles were highly contrasted between both species. Neither clinical signs nor Brucella-specific lesions were observed and all vaccinated animals seroconverted. Additional samples were collected 20 and 68 days pv to explore bacterial distribution in organs and humoral immunity. Half of the animals were necropsied 45 days post-vaccination (pv), and the remaining ones at 90 days pv. Four to five animals were vaccinated and one or two animals were contact animals. Twelve ibexes and twelve goats were allocated into four groups housed separately, each including six males or six non-pregnant females. Vaccination was considered as a possible way to control Brucella infection in this wildlife population. Epidemiological investigations implemented in wild and domestic ruminants evidenced a reservoir for Brucella in Capra ibex in the French Alps.
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